What are California’s e-bike classes?

E-bikes are classified under Vehicle Code Section 312.5, established by AB 1096. Class 1 is pedal-assist only, cutting off at 20 mph. Class 2 allows throttle use without pedaling, also capped at 20 mph. Class 3 is pedal-assist up to 28 mph, requires a speedometer, and all riders must wear a helmet regardless of age. Class 3 riders must be at least 16. These distinctions matter legally because they affect where you can ride and what safety rules apply.